Working with Layout

Working with Text

Text Frames

In InDesign text resides inside containers called text frames. Text frames can be moved, resized, and changed. The tool with which you select a text frame determines the kind of changes you can make:

• Use the Type tool to enter or edit text in a frame. • Use the Selection tool for general layout tasks such as positioning and sizing a frame. • Use the Direct Selection tool to alter a frame’s shape.

Creating Text Frames

To create text frame do any of the following:

• Click on Type Tool and drag to define the width and height text frame. • Select Type tool and click inside any empty frame.

Adding columns to a text frame

You can create columns within a text frame by using the Text Frame Options dialog box.

• To create columns of unequal width or height, add threaded text frames side-by-side on either a layout page or a master page.

1. Using the Selection tool, select a frame, or using the Type tool, click inside the text frame or select text. 2. Choose Object > Text Frame Options.

• Specify the number of columns, the width of each column, and the spacing between each column (gutter) for the text frame. • (Optional) Select Fixed Column Width to maintain column width when you resize the frame. If this option is selected, resizing the frame can change the number of columns, but not their width.

Find and change Text

• To search a range of text or a story, select the text or place the insertion point in the story. To search more than one document, open the documents. • Choose Edit > Find/Change, and then click the Text tab. • Specify the range of your search from the Search menu, and click icons to include locked layers, master pages, footnotes, and other items in the search.

• In the Find What box, describe what you want to search for: • Type or paste the text you want to find. • To search for or replace tabs, spaces, or other special characters, select a representative character (metacharacter) from the pop up menu to the right of the Find What box. You can also choose wildcard options such as Any Digit or Any Character.

Paragraph & Character Style

To open paragraph style choose Type > Paragraph Styles, or click the Paragraph Styles tab, which appears by default on the right side of the application window.

To open character style choose Type > Character Styles, or click the Character Styles tab on the right side of the application window.

Applying Styles

To apply character style select the characters to which you want to apply the style. Do one of the following:

• Click the character style name in the Character Styles panel. • Select the character style name from the drop-down list in the Control panel. • Press the keyboard shortcut you assigned to the style. (Make sure that Num Lock is on.)

To apply paragraph style click in a paragraph, or select all or part of the paragraphs to which you want to apply the style. Do one of the following:

• Click the paragraph style name in the Paragraph Styles panel. • Select the paragraph style name from the menu in the Control panel. • Press the keyboard shortcut you assigned to the style. (Make sure that Num Lock is on.)

Drop Cap Style

You can apply a character style to the drop-cap character or characters in a paragraph. For example, if you want a drop-cap character to have a different color and font than the rest of the paragraph, you can define a character style that has these attributes. Then you can either apply the character style directly to a paragraph, or you can nest the character style in a paragraph style.

Drop cap formatted automatically by nested character style

1. Create a character style that has the formatting you want to use for the drop-cap character. 2. Do one of the following: • To apply the drop cap to a single paragraph, choose Drop Caps and Nested Styles from the Paragraph panel menu. • To nest the character style in a paragraph style, double-click the paragraph style, and then click Drop Caps and Nested Styles. 3. Specify the number of drop-cap lines and characters, and then choose the character style. 4. If the drop cap is aligned too far away from the left edge, select Align Left Edge. Selecting this option uses the original left side bearing of the drop-cap character rather than the larger value. It’s particularly useful for drop caps formatted in sans serif fonts. 5. If the drop cap character overlaps the text below it, select Scale For Descenders. 6. Click OK.

Wrapping Text

To wrap text: 1. Choose Window > Text Wrap. 2. Click on Selection tool or Direct Selection tool , and select the object to wrap text around. 3. In Text Wrap panel, select the desired wrap. • Jump Object • Keeps text from appearing in any available space to the right or left of the frame. • Jump To Next Column • Forces the surrounding paragraph to the top of the next column or text frame. 4. From the Wrap To menu, specify whether the wrap is applied to a specific side (such as the right side or largest area) or towards or away from the spine. (If you don’t see the Wrap To menu, choose Show Options from the Text Wrap panel menu.) This option is available only if you selected Wrap Around Bounding Box or Wrap Around Object Shape. 5. Specify offset values. Positive values move the wrap away from the frame; negative values move the wrap within the frame.

Formatting Text

1. Select the Type tool. 2. Click to place an insertion point, or select the text that you want to format. 3. In the Control panel, click the Character Formatting Control icon or the Paragraph Formatting Control icon.

A. Character formatting controls B. Paragraph formatting controls

Applying font to text

1. Select the text. 2. Select a font in the Font Family menu or a style in the Type Style menu or choose a font in the Type > Font menu.

Leading is a character attribute, which means that you can apply more than one leading value within the same paragraph. To change leading of any text • Select the text. • Go to Character panel or Control panel and choose the desired leading from the Leading menu .

Kerning and Tracking

Kerning is the distance between specific pairs of characters. Tracking is loosening or tightening a block of text.

Applying Kerning between characters

• Select text. • Go to character panel or control panel and select Metrics in the Kerning menu.

Adjusting Kerning between words

• Select text with Type Tool. • Press Alt+Ctrl+\ and drag with mouse to increase space between words. • Press Alt+Ctrl+Backspace and drag with mouse to decrease space between words.

Adjust Tracking

To adjust tracking: Select text. In the Character panel type or select a numeric value for Tracking.

Applying bullets and numbering to paragraph

• Select the set of paragraphs that will become the list, or click to place the insertion point where you want the list to begin. • Do any of the following: • Click the Bulleted List button or the Numbered List button in the Control panel (in Paragraph mode). Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) while clicking a button to display the Bullets and Numbering dialog box. • Choose Bullets And Numbering from the Paragraph panel or Command panel. For List Type, choose either Bullets or Numbers. Specify the settings you want, and then click OK. • Apply a paragraph style that includes bullets or numbering.

Setting Tabs

1. Using the Type tool , click an insertion point in the paragraph. 2. Press the Tab key. Add tabs in the paragraphs where you want to add horizontal space. (You can also add tabs after you create your tab settings.)

Using tabs to align text

3. To specify which paragraphs will be affected, select a paragraph or a group of paragraphs. 4. For the first tab, click a tab-alignment button (left, right, center, or decimal) in the Tabs dialog box to specify how text will align to the tab’s position. 5. Do one of the following: • Click a location on the tab ruler to position a new tab.

Adding a new tab setting • Type a position in the X box and press Enter or Return. If the X value is selected, press the up or down arrow key to increase or decrease the tab value by 1 point, respectively. 6. For subsequent tabs with different alignments, repeat steps 3 and 4.

The first tab setting is right-aligned; the second tab setting is left-aligned.